Suppose that you are working in a small organisations and you have to configure ip address on all system or node manually. It is not easy so DHCP is a protocol that are used for dynamically assign the IP(Internet Protocol) address to the system or nodes so that they can use communicate using ip address. it is 32 bit long. DHCP can be implemented on small local networks as well as large enterprise networks.
There are two version of DHCP for use internet protocol version 4(IPv4) and internet protocol version 6(IPv6).
How Does DHCP Work?
The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) client TCP/IP software is not configured with a static IP Address and it is configured to obtain an IP Address dynamically from a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Server. When a DHCP client device boots up, it not capable send and receive network traffic, because TCP/IP is not configured. But it can participate in Broadcast traffic. DHCP Clients and DHCP Servers uses broadcast messages to communicate with each other. The scope of a broadcast message is only within the local Broadcast domain. Broadcast massage will never cross the router to reach another network.
Two important IPv4 addresses used in DHCPv4 messages are 0.0.0.0 and 255.255.255.255. IPv4 address 0.0.0.0 is used by an IPv4 device, when it has not yet been assigned an IPv4 address. When a DHCP client boots up, it doesnt have a valid IPv4 Address.
Configuration of DHCP on Cisco Router?
You can do DHCP configuration on cisco router firewall and server. pasted configuration is on cisco router.
R1# configure terminal for configuration mode
R1(config)# ip dhcp pool Lohan Have to create a pool hare the pool naem is lohan
R1(dhcp-config)# network 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 Set the network ip and same subnet mask
R1(dhcp-config)# default-router 192.168.1.1 Gateway for all system or nodes
R1(dhcp-config)# dns-server 192.168.1.5 255.255.255.0 dns server ip
R1(config)# ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.5 Reserved IP address The system won’t get the ip address from the reserved ip range
R1(config)# ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.1.10 reserved ip address.
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